Weekly Current Affairs (April 2026 – Week 1) – Exam Revision Notes
1) International Current Affairs
Spain’s PM Pedro Sanchez Takes Strong Anti-War Stand on Iran
Spain’s Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has emerged as a prominent dissenting voice in Europe against the U.S.-Israel military actions in Iran, openly rejecting the strikes on grounds of international law — a position that set him apart from virtually every other European head of government.
In a significant diplomatic decision, Sanchez refused to allow U.S. military bases on Spanish soil to be used for strikes against Iran, even at the cost of strained relations with the United States. His stand reflects a growing debate within Europe about the limits of alliance obligations when they conflict with international humanitarian norms.
India–Australia ECTA Completes 4 Years – Zero Duty Access from January 2026
The India–Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA), signed on April 2, 2022, has completed four years. The agreement has produced measurable results: India’s exports to Australia have more than doubled — from USD 4 billion in 2020–21 to USD 8.5 billion in 2024–25, with an 8% growth recorded in the last year alone. Total bilateral trade now stands at USD 24.1 billion.
India’s side covers 70.3% of tariff lines, providing duty-free access covering 90.6% of trade value. Australia’s side covers 100% of tariff lines — with 98.3% immediately duty-free and the remaining phased to zero by 2026. From January 1, 2026 onwards, all Indian exports to Australia enjoy zero-duty access — a significant boost for Indian manufacturers and exporters.
Artemis II – NASA’s First Crewed Mission to Moon Orbit Since 1972
Artemis II was launched on April 1, 2026, marking NASA’s first crewed deep-space mission in over five decades. This historic mission carries humans farther than anyone has travelled since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972.
Artemis II does not land on the Moon — its primary purpose is to test the Orion spacecraft’s life-support systems, navigation capabilities, and crew operations in the deep space environment. The mission follows a free-return trajectory: the spacecraft loops around the Moon’s far side and safely returns to Earth with a Pacific Ocean splashdown. Duration is approximately 10 days.
Launch Vehicle: Space Launch System (SLS)
Why It Matters: A successful Artemis II paves the way for Artemis III, which aims to land astronauts — including the first woman and first person of colour — on the lunar surface, particularly near the Moon’s south pole.
2) National Current Affairs
Noida International Airport (Jewar) Inaugurated
The Prime Minister inaugurated Phase I of the Noida International Airport at Jewar, Uttar Pradesh. The project was developed with an investment of approximately ₹11,200 crore and is expected to significantly ease air traffic pressure on Delhi’s Indira Gandhi International Airport while opening up new connectivity for the entire NCR region.
99.92% Villages Now Have Banking Access Within 5 km – Jan Dhan Darshak App
India has achieved near-universal financial inclusion, with 99.92% of villages now covered by a banking outlet within a 5 km radius. Banking access is being tracked and ensured through the Jan Dhan Darshak (JDD) App — a GIS-based application that maps banking infrastructure (bank branches, Business Correspondents, and India Post Payment Bank outlets) across every corner of India.
Notably, the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli has achieved 100% village banking coverage — a benchmark for other states and UTs to follow.
PM Inaugurates ₹20,000 Crore Projects in Gujarat – Including India’s First Semiconductor Plant
The Prime Minister inaugurated and laid the foundation for development projects worth over ₹20,000 crore in the Vav-Tharad region of Banaskantha district, Gujarat. The highlight was the inauguration of the Kaynes Technology semiconductor plant in Sanand — a milestone in India’s push for self-reliance in chip manufacturing.
Transmission infrastructure linked to the Khavda Renewable Energy Park (4.5 GW capacity) — one of the world’s largest renewable energy parks. Expansion of Deesa Airport, which is strategically located near the international border. Development of the Ahmedabad–Dholera Expressway corridor and railway gauge conversion improving connectivity to tribal areas of Gujarat.
Nyaya Setu AI Chatbot and ‘Dishika’ Mascot – Bringing Legal Help to Every Citizen
The Government of India launched the Nyaya Setu AI Chatbot along with its mascot “Dishika” under the DISHA programme — a major step toward democratising access to justice through technology. Nyaya Setu is a voice-first, multilingual AI-powered legal assistant designed to help citizens understand their legal rights, navigate court procedures, and know the steps to follow when they need legal help — all in plain language, without needing a lawyer.
The initiative is especially significant for citizens in rural areas and those unfamiliar with the legal system, bridging a long-standing gap between people and the courts.
Karnataka Passes Anti-Honour Killing Bill – Landmark Legislation
The Karnataka Legislature passed the Karnataka Freedom of Choice in Marriage and Prevention and Prohibition of Crimes in the Name of Honour and Tradition Bill, 2026. The law is specifically designed to protect individuals — especially inter-caste and inter-religion couples — from violence, coercion, and social pressure in the name of “honour” and family tradition.
The Bill clearly establishes that once two adults decide to marry, the consent of parents, family, caste, or community is not required — reinforcing individual liberty as a constitutional value.
Minimum 5 years imprisonment for honour killings. Social boycott of couples is criminalised. Police protection must be provided within 6 hours of a complaint. Safe houses will be established in every district. A special cell and 24-hour helpline called “Eva Nammava Vedike” will operate statewide. Access to legal aid and counselling is guaranteed.
Census 2027 Begins – First-Ever Digital Self-Enumeration
The Union Government launched Census 2027 — the world’s largest census exercise — beginning with Phase I: Houselisting and Housing Census from 1 April to 30 September 2026. For the first time in Indian census history, the exercise introduces digital data collection and a self-enumeration facility: citizens can fill their household details online through a secure government portal before the enumerator visits.
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Goa, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, and Cantonment areas of Delhi. The exercise was symbolically initiated by the President of India, followed by the Vice-President, Prime Minister, and Home Minister participating through self-enumeration — underlining the national importance of census data for governance and planning.
National Cooperative Organics Limited (NCOL) – Launched to Market Organic Products
The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of National Cooperative Organics Limited (NCOL) under the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. NCOL functions as a national-level umbrella organisation for the aggregation, procurement, certification, testing, branding, and marketing of organic products from across India. All organic products under NCOL are marketed under the brand name “Bharat Organics”. So far, 27 organic products have been launched under this brand.
The initiative supports farmers transitioning to organic farming by creating a reliable market, quality assurance framework, and a trusted national brand — addressing the biggest challenge in organic agriculture: getting fair prices from organised markets.
NCERT Gets ‘Deemed to be University’ Status
The Ministry of Education officially notified Deemed University status to the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) on March 30, 2026, following UGC approval in January 2026. The status applies to NCERT and its six regional institutes. With this recognition, NCERT can now award degrees and diplomas, launch PhD and research programmes, and introduce innovative academic courses — transforming itself from a curriculum body into a full-fledged academic institution in teacher education and educational research.
3) Andhra Pradesh Current Affairs
AP Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2026 – Amaravati Officially Made Sole Capital
The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2026 has been passed in the Lok Sabha, granting legal status to Amaravati as the sole capital of Andhra Pradesh. This landmark legislation ends years of capital uncertainty and provides a clear administrative framework that investors, institutions, and citizens had been waiting for.
Over ₹56,000 crore worth of infrastructure projects are already underway in and around Amaravati. The capital city project follows a distinctive land pooling model: around 29,000 farmers voluntarily contributed over 34,000 acres of land and in return became stakeholders in the urban development of the city — receiving developed plots back. This farmer-centric approach is being studied as a model for participatory urban development across India.
AP Ranked 4th in Renewable Energy Potential – Energy Statistics India 2026
As per the Energy Statistics India 2026 report released by the National Statistics Office (NSO), Andhra Pradesh has secured 4th position in renewable energy potential in India — particularly driven by its solar and wind energy capacity. More than 70% of India’s total renewable energy potential is concentrated in six states: Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. AP’s strong performance reflects its growing role as a clean energy powerhouse in India’s green transition.
AP Introduces QR Codes on Rice Bags – Farm-to-Plate Transparency
The Andhra Pradesh government has launched an innovative initiative to print QR codes on rice bags, enabling consumers to scan and trace the farmer who cultivated the rice and the village where it was grown. This initiative is being piloted in SPSR Nellore district, where QR-coded rice will be distributed to approximately 41,000 schools and over 400 welfare hostels — so that students eating the food can know and appreciate the farmer who grew it.
This is being described as the first-of-its-kind initiative in India. It promotes transparency in the public food supply chain, creates a direct farmer-consumer connection, and recognises farmers’ contribution to public welfare programmes. The government aims to procure 2 lakh tonnes of paddy this season, with over 60,000 tonnes already procured.
AP Ranks 1st in Micro-Irrigation – 3.15 Lakh Acres Covered in 2025–26
Andhra Pradesh has secured first place nationally in micro-irrigation (drip and sprinkler systems). During 2025–26, the state brought 3.15 lakh acres under micro-irrigation, benefiting 1,08,143 farmers through subsidies — surpassing Gujarat (2.69 lakh acres), Maharashtra (2.62 lakh acres), and Rajasthan (2.42 lakh acres).
SC & ST farmers: Central government provides 55% + state provides 45% = 100% subsidy.
Small farmers: Central 55% + state 35% = 90% subsidy.
Other farmers: Central 45% + state contribution = 90% subsidy.
Crops covered include tomato, chilli, banana, bitter gourd, onion, papaya, cotton, tobacco, sugarcane, turmeric, oil palm, maize, and others.
AP Panchayat Raj Wins Deendayal Upadhyay Panchayat Satat Vikas National Awards
The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Department has been selected for the prestigious Deendayal Upadhyay Panchayat Satat Vikas National Awards for the second consecutive year, recognising sustained excellence in rural governance. Several AP villages ranked at the top nationally across different categories.
Bokkasam Palem (Tirupati) — 1st Place: Women-Friendly Panchayat
Sringavaram (Visakhapatnam) — 1st Place: Governance
Chemmullapalli (Kadapa) — 2nd Place: Poverty Alleviation & Livelihoods
Gundamala (Prakasam) — 3rd Place: Self-Sufficient Infrastructure
Kuppam Mandal (Chittoor) — 3rd Rank: Best Performing Mandal
APCO Wins SKOCH Award 2025 for Digitisation in Handloom Sector
The Andhra Pradesh State Handloom Weavers Co-operative Society (APCO) received the SKOCH Award 2025 for its successful digitisation of the handloom sector. APCO introduced computerised billing systems and e-commerce platforms that improved operational efficiency, boosted sales, and expanded market access for weavers — connecting them to a much wider customer base than was ever possible through physical stores alone.
4) Polity & Governance
CAPF (General Administration) Bill, 2026 – The IPS vs CAPF Cadre Controversy
The Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Bill, 2026 has generated significant controversy after being introduced in the Rajya Sabha. The Bill proposes to statutorily reserve senior leadership posts in the five Central Armed Police Forces for IPS officers on deputation — specifically 50% of Inspector General (IG) posts, at least 67% of Additional Director General (ADG) posts, and 100% of Special DG and DG posts.
The Bill directly follows a Supreme Court judgment in May 2025 that directed reduction of IPS deputation in CAPFs and recognised CAPF officers as Organised Group A Services (OGAS) — signalling that CAPF cadres should have their own career progression. Despite this, the government continued IPS appointments and then introduced this Bill to give them statutory backing.
Retired CAPF officials and opposition argue that the Bill overrides Supreme Court directions, blocks career growth for CAPF officers (who already face promotion delays of up to 16 years), and demoralises forces dealing with complex security challenges. The government counter-argues that IPS officers ensure better Centre–State coordination and are essential for national security.
The Five CAPFs are: Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB).
Delimitation of Constituencies – The Fairness Problem After Population Growth
As per Article 81 of the Constitution, Lok Sabha seats must be allocated based on population to ensure equal representation. However, the 84th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 froze the number of seats until after the first Census post-2026. Now, with Census 2027 underway, a Delimitation Commission will be formed after results are available (expected by 2028), and changes may first reflect in the 2029 Lok Sabha elections.
States like southern states and others that successfully controlled population growth over the decades may lose relative Parliamentary representation after delimitation, while high-population states stand to gain more seats. This creates a perverse incentive — states that did good governance work on family welfare are effectively penalised.
Proposed Solution – DemPer Principle:
Experts suggest a Demographic Performance (DemPer) principle that factors in not just population size but also a state’s success in reducing fertility rates — balancing population-based representation with fair federalism and ensuring that better-governed states are not penalised for doing the right thing.
Key Definition: Delimitation is the process of redrawing electoral constituency boundaries to ensure roughly equal population representation. It is carried out by an independent Delimitation Commission whose decisions cannot be challenged in any court. It also reserves seats for SC/ST communities.
Supreme Court Reaffirms Right to Die with Dignity – Harish Rana v. Union of India (2026)
The Supreme Court, in the Harish Rana v. Union of India (2026) case, reaffirmed the right to die with dignity as part of Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty), allowing withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment in cases where it no longer serves the patient’s interest. In a landmark first, the Court permitted withdrawal of Clinically Assisted Nutrition and Hydration (CANH) — marking a significant evolution in India’s passive euthanasia jurisprudence.
Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026 – What Happens to Foreign Money When NGOs Shut Down?
The Government introduced the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026 to update the FCRA 2010, which governs who can receive foreign money in India and how it can be used. The core problem the Bill addresses is straightforward: what happens to the foreign funds and assets an organisation already holds when it stops functioning, fails to renew its registration, or gets cancelled?
A government-appointed Designated Authority will take control of the foreign funds and assets of dormant or cancelled organisations. If the organisation later gets approval again, money and assets will be returned (Temporary Control). If the organisation permanently shuts down, assets go to the government for public purposes and remaining funds go to the Consolidated Fund of India (Permanent Control).
Other Key Changes:
Persons involved in news or current affairs are now completely barred from receiving foreign funds. Prison term for violations reduced from 5 years to 1 year. Police or agencies cannot investigate without prior Central Government approval.
Types of Parliamentary Session Closure – Key Differences Explained
This week’s context: Parliament is going into a recess (not being adjourned sine die or prorogued) and plans to reconvene on April 16 to discuss amendments related to the Women’s Reservation Act, 2023. Understanding the difference between these terms is a frequent exam question.
Adjournment Sine Die (Latin: “Without a Day”): The House is adjourned without fixing a date for the next sitting. Decided by the Presiding Officer. The session is not formally ended.
Prorogation: The formal termination of a session of Parliament. Ordered by the President of India under Article 85. This officially ends the session.
Recess: A break within the same session — the House reconvenes later. Same session continues. Decided by the Presiding Officer. Implied under Article 85.
Dissolution: Complete termination of the Lok Sabha. Ordered by the President under Articles 83 and 85. Applies only to Lok Sabha — the Rajya Sabha is a permanent House that is never dissolved.
Mooshahary Committee (2005) – 49 Key Recommendations for Police Reform
The Mooshahary Committee (2005), chaired by R.S. Mooshahary and constituted by the Ministry of Home Affairs, reviewed earlier police reform reports and shortlisted 49 key recommendations to improve police functioning. These covered establishing State Security Commissions, separating the investigation function from law & order duties, fixing minimum tenures for police officers to insulate them from political transfers, and modernising police forces. The Government of India has reiterated that “Police” is a State subject under the Seventh Schedule (State List), making state governments primarily responsible for implementing reforms.
5) Economy
FATF Report Recognises India’s Fight Against Offshore Crypto Fraud
A report by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has recognised India’s proactive efforts in tackling money laundering and terror financing through offshore virtual asset platforms (oVASPs) — platforms that operate outside India’s regulatory framework and are frequently used to move illicit money. Investigations revealed a pattern: illicit funds were being converted into cryptocurrencies through offshore platforms and then routed back into India disguised as legitimate money.
FIU-IND is India’s national agency for collecting, analysing, and disseminating financial intelligence on suspicious transactions to combat money laundering and terror financing. It was established in 2004, works under the Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue), and is headquartered in New Delhi. FIU has been actively using Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) from domestic crypto platforms to detect and track suspicious cross-border financial flows.
Income-Tax Act, 2025 Comes into Force – Replacing the 1961 Act
India formally implemented the Income-Tax Act, 2025 from 1 April 2026, replacing the Income-Tax Act, 1961 that had been in force for 65 years. The reform does not change core tax policy but focuses on simplification, use of clear reader-friendly language, and a streamlined structure that makes the law easier to understand for taxpayers and professionals alike.
Introduced and passed in Lok Sabha — 11 August 2025 | Passed in Rajya Sabha — 12 August 2025 | Presidential assent — 21 August 2025 | Act came into force — 1 April 2026. The Income-Tax Rules, 2026 were notified by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) to operationalise the Act.
16th Finance Commission’s Disaster Funding Formula – A Problem for Disaster-Prone States
The 16th Finance Commission has allocated ₹2,04,401 crore to State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF) — a significant increase over previous commissions. It introduced a Disaster Risk Index (DRI) based on hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. However, the formula is drawing criticism because it uses total population as a proxy for exposure, when exposure should logically reflect only the population living in hazard-prone areas.
Using total population benefits larger states even if a smaller fraction of their population actually faces disaster risk. As a result, a highly disaster-prone state like Odisha — which is regularly battered by cyclones and floods — receives a reduced funding share, while larger states with more population but relatively less disaster exposure get higher allocations. Experts also point out that measuring vulnerability through per capita income alone ignores housing quality, health infrastructure, and disaster preparedness — all of which determine how badly a community suffers when disaster strikes.
India’s Defence Exports Reach Record ₹38,424 Crore in FY 2025–26
India has achieved a historic milestone in defence exports — reaching an all-time high of ₹38,424 crore in FY 2025–26, a remarkable 62.66% growth over the previous year’s ₹23,622 crore. India now exports defence equipment to 80+ countries, with the number of exporters growing from 128 to 145.
Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs): ₹21,071 crore (54.84%) — recorded a massive 151% growth.
Private Sector: ₹17,353 crore (45.16%) — grew by 14%.
The DPSUs’ dramatic growth reflects the success of indigenisation programmes across HAL, BEL, DRDO, and ordnance factories.
India’s Seafood Exports Cross ₹62,000 Crore – 2nd Largest Aquaculture Nation Globally
India’s fisheries sector has posted strong results: seafood exports reached ₹62,408 crore in 2024–25. India is the world’s 2nd largest aquaculture producer (after China), contributing about 8% of global fish production. Fish production has grown significantly — from 141.64 lakh tonnes in 2019–20 to 197.75 lakh tonnes in 2024–25.
Exports are growing at approximately 7% annually. The biggest export earner is Frozen Shrimp (₹43,334 crore). India exports seafood to 130 countries, with the USA as the largest market at 36.42% share. Under PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), the government is expanding aquaculture, promoting high-value species like tuna and seabass, and strengthening cold chain infrastructure. Reforms like digitisation of Sanitary Import Permits (reducing approval time to 72 hours) and compliance with global standards like the Marine Mammal Protection Act have opened new export doors.
6) Science & Technology
India’s First Dengue Vaccine ‘Qdenga’ Approved – What You Need to Know
The Subject Expert Committee (SEC) under the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the dengue vaccine ‘Qdenga’ (TAK-003) for use in individuals aged 4 to 60 years — making it India’s first approved dengue vaccine. The vaccine has been tested on over 28,000 participants globally and is already approved in 40+ countries.
Unlike typical vaccines that prevent infection entirely, Qdenga does not completely prevent dengue — instead, it reduces the severity of the disease significantly, meaning dengue outbreaks may still occur but serious hospitalisations should reduce. This distinction is important for public health planning.
Dengue has 4 different virus types (serotypes). Qdenga works best against DENV-2 and is less effective against others. The vaccine requires 2 doses with a 3-month gap. Cost is estimated between ₹6,000–₹12,000 for the full course — making affordability a challenge for mass vaccination.
India’s indigenous vaccine ‘DengiAll’ is also being developed and may be available around 2027 at potentially lower cost.
Study: Children at Far Higher Risk from River Metal Pollution than Adults
A study by the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences found that children face significantly higher health risks than adults from trace metal contamination in river water — specifically at the Betwa–Yamuna confluence in Uttar Pradesh. The contamination involves toxic metals including Arsenic, Lead, and Cadmium. Using Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 scenarios), researchers found that the Hazard Index (HI) exceeded safe levels in approximately 67% of cases for children — primarily because children have higher water intake relative to body weight and greater physiological sensitivity to toxins. Arsenic exposure showed significant carcinogenic risk in the study area.
7) Environment
New Butterfly Species Discovered in Arunachal Pradesh – Named After Zubeen Garg
A new species of butterfly has been discovered in the forests of Arunachal Pradesh’s Leparada district and scientifically named Euthalia zubeengargi in honour of Assamese cultural icon and singer Zubeen Garg. The discovery adds to the extraordinary biodiversity of the Eastern Himalayas and northeastern India — a globally recognised biodiversity hotspot.
‘Bhavasagara’ Designated as India’s National Repository for Deep-Sea Fauna
The “Bhavasagara” Referral Centre at the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE), Kochi has been officially designated as India’s National Repository for Deep-Sea Fauna by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. The centre houses over 3,500 identified deep-sea specimens, including invertebrates (molluscs, arthropods) and vertebrates (fishes) — serving as a critical scientific reference point for India’s growing deep-sea research programme.
8) Schemes
Revised PM E-DRIVE Scheme – New Deadlines and Price Caps for EV Incentives
The Government revised the PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) Scheme, which has a total outlay of ₹10,900 crore to promote electric vehicle adoption across India. The revision introduces new eligibility deadlines and price caps to ensure that incentives reach genuine buyers rather than expensive premium EVs.
Electric two-wheelers registered till July 31, 2026 are eligible for incentives. Maximum ex-factory price cap: ₹1.5 lakh.
Electric three-wheelers (e-rickshaws and e-carts) registered till March 31, 2028 are eligible. Maximum ex-factory price cap: ₹2.5 lakh.
The scheme is fund-limited — total incentives will not exceed the allocated ₹10,900 crore, so early registration gets the benefit.
Chhattisgarh’s Women Empowerment Model Through SHGs – Dhokra Crafts & Digital Commerce
The Chhattisgarh model of women-led development through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) has emerged as a national example of inclusive growth. Key programmes include Mahtari Vandan Yojana (direct financial support to women) and Lakhpati Didi Yojana (income generation and livelihood promotion). A particularly noteworthy element is the promotion of Dhokra — the ancient lost-wax metal casting art from Bastar — which is simultaneously preserving tribal heritage and providing sustainable livelihoods through e-commerce and ready-to-eat food product sales, connecting tribal artisans to national and global markets.
9) Defence
INS Dunagiri and INS Sanshodhak Delivered to Indian Navy
The Indian Navy received two new indigenous vessels, further strengthening its maritime capabilities and advancing the Make in India defence programme.
A Nilgiri-class stealth guided-missile frigate built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata under Project 17A — the Indian Navy’s next-generation stealth frigate programme. Dunagiri is the 5th ship out of seven planned under Project 17A, designed by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau with advanced stealth features and multi-dimensional threat capability.
INS Sanshodhak:
The 4th and final ship of the Sandhayak-class hydrographic survey vessels, also built by GRSE. It is a scientific survey ship used for mapping ocean floors, supporting maritime navigation, and assisting in naval operations — critical for safe passage in India’s coastal and deep waters.
INS Agray Delivered – 4th in Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft Series
The Indian Navy received INS Agray, the 4th vessel in the Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) series, built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata. Agray joins INS Arnala (1st), INS Androth (2nd), and INS Anjadip (3rd) in the series.
These 77-metre ships (≈900 tonnes displacement, 25 knots max speed) are armed with lightweight torpedoes, anti-submarine rockets, and mines, equipped with advanced sensors to combat underwater threats in shallow coastal waters. Over 80% of components are indigenously sourced. A total fleet of 8 ASW SWCs is planned (5 from GRSE + more from Cochin Shipyard Limited).
INS Malwan Delivered – 2nd ASW SWC from Cochin Shipyard
The Indian Navy received INS Malwan — the 2nd Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kochi. The ship is named after Malwan, a historic coastal town in Maharashtra associated with the maritime legacy of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. INS Malwan is approximately 80 metres long (≈1,100 tonnes displacement) with waterjet propulsion — capable of anti-submarine warfare, coastal surveillance, mine warfare, and Low Intensity Maritime Operations (LIMO).
First Next Generation OPV ‘Shachi’ Launched at Goa Shipyard
India launched its first Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (NGOPV) named ‘Shachi’ (Yard 1280) at Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL). Shachi is the first of eleven NGOPVs being built for the Indian Navy — vessels that take their names from Indian mythology (‘Shachi’ means “one who renders assistance”). The NGOPVs are designed for multi-domain maritime operations: surveillance, search and rescue (SAR), protection of offshore assets, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR), and anti-piracy operations.
IONS Maritime Exercise (IMEX) TTX 2026 Hosted by India in Kochi
The Indian Navy hosted the IONS Maritime Exercise (IMEX) TTX 2026 at the Maritime Warfare Centre, Southern Naval Command, Kochi. IONS stands for Indian Ocean Naval Symposium — a regional naval cooperation forum of navies from countries bordering the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). India has assumed the chairmanship of IONS for the 2026–2028 period. TTX stands for Tabletop Exercise — a simulation-based exercise where participants work through scenarios without deploying actual assets. Participating countries included Bangladesh, France, Indonesia, Kenya, Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Timor-Leste.
10) Awards & Books
Vice President Releases Sudha Murty’s ‘Tides of Time’ – India’s History Through Parliament Murals
The Vice President of India, Shri C.P. Radhakrishnan, released the book “Tides of Time: Bharat’s History through Murals in Parliament”, authored by Rajya Sabha MP Sudha Murty. The book narrates India’s civilizational journey through the 124 mural panels displayed inside Parliament, covering the Indus Valley Civilisation, ancient thinkers like Valmiki and Chanakya, the teachings of Mahavira and Buddha, and the freedom struggle including the Dandi March and the roles of Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose.
Rajasthan Wins National Award for Irrigation Census
Rajasthan received a national award for the timely completion of the first census of major and medium irrigation projects in the state, presented at the World Water Day Conclave organised by the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti. World Water Day is observed on March 22 every year. The Jal Shakti Ministry is the nodal ministry for all water-related policies in India.
Quick Revision Table
| Topic | Key Facts |
|---|---|
| Spain – Pedro Sanchez Anti-War | Only European PM to openly reject U.S.-Israel strikes on Iran on principle of international law • Refused use of Spanish military bases for strikes • Accepted strained relations with U.S. as a consequence |
| India–Australia ECTA – 4 Years | Signed April 2, 2022 • Bilateral trade: USD 24.1 billion (2024–25) • India’s exports grew from USD 4 billion to USD 8.5 billion • From Jan 1, 2026: all Indian exports to Australia at zero duty • Australia: 100% tariff lines covered, 98.3% immediately duty-free |
| Artemis II – Moon Mission | Launched April 1, 2026 • NASA’s first crewed deep-space mission since 1972 • Does NOT land on Moon — tests Orion spacecraft systems (life-support, navigation, crew ops) • Duration ~10 days • Launch vehicle: Space Launch System (SLS) • Free-return trajectory; splashdown in Pacific |
| Noida International Airport (Jewar) | Phase I inaugurated by PM in Jewar, Uttar Pradesh • Investment: ~₹11,200 crore • Eases pressure on Delhi’s IGI Airport |
| Jan Dhan Darshak (JDD) App | 99.92% villages covered by banking outlet within 5 km • Dadra & Nagar Haveli: 100% village coverage • JDD App is GIS-based — tracks bank branches, Business Correspondents, and IPPB outlets |
| PM Gujarat Visit | ₹20,000+ crore projects in Banaskantha • Kaynes Technology semiconductor plant inaugurated in Sanand • Khavda Renewable Energy Park (4.5 GW) transmission projects • Deesa Airport expansion (near international border) • Ahmedabad–Dholera Expressway corridor |
| Nyaya Setu AI Chatbot | Launched under DISHA programme • Mascot: “Dishika” • Voice-first, multilingual AI legal assistant • Helps citizens understand legal rights, court procedures, and steps in legal matters • Bridges gap between citizens and judiciary |
| Karnataka Anti-Honour Killing Bill | Full name: Karnataka Freedom of Choice in Marriage and Prevention and Prohibition of Crimes in the Name of Honour and Tradition Bill, 2026 • Adults can marry without parental/caste consent • Min 5 years for honour killing • Social boycott criminalised • Police protection within 6 hours • Safe houses in every district • Helpline: Eva Nammava Vedike |
| Census 2027 | Phase I (Houselisting): April 1 – September 30, 2026 • First-ever digital self-enumeration in India • Citizens fill details online before enumerator visit • Launched first in: A&N Islands, Goa, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, Delhi Cantonment • Initiated by President of India |
| NCOL – National Cooperative Organics Limited | Established under Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002 • Umbrella organisation for organic products aggregation, procurement, certification, branding • Brand name: “Bharat Organics” • 27 organic products launched so far |
| NCERT – Deemed University Status | UGC approval: January 2026 • Officially notified: March 30, 2026 • Applies to NCERT + 6 regional institutes • Can now award degrees, diplomas, launch PhD programmes, offer innovative academic courses |
| AP Reorganisation Amendment Bill 2026 | Passed in Lok Sabha • Gives legal status to Amaravati as sole capital of Andhra Pradesh • Over ₹56,000 crore infrastructure projects underway • Land pooling model: 29,000 farmers contributed 34,000+ acres and became development stakeholders |
| AP – 4th in Renewable Energy | Ranked 4th in Energy Statistics India 2026 report by NSO • More than 70% of India’s renewable energy potential in 6 states: Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, AP, Karnataka, MP • AP strong in solar and wind energy |
| AP QR Code on Rice Bags | First-of-its-kind initiative in India • Rice bags carry QR code linking to farmer’s identity and origin village • Piloted in SPSR Nellore district • Covers ~41,000 schools and 400+ welfare hostels • Govt target: procure 2 lakh tonnes of paddy • Promotes transparency and farmer recognition |
| AP – 1st in Micro-Irrigation | 3.15 lakh acres brought under micro-irrigation in 2025–26 • 1,08,143 farmers benefited with subsidies • Gujarat (2.69L), Maharashtra (2.62L), Rajasthan (2.42L) rank below AP • SC/ST farmers: 100% subsidy • Small farmers: 90% subsidy |
| AP Panchayat Raj – National Awards | Deendayal Upadhyay Panchayat Satat Vikas National Awards — 2nd consecutive year • Bokkasam Palem (Tirupati): 1st — Women-Friendly Panchayat • Sringavaram (Visakhapatnam): 1st — Governance • Chemmullapalli (Kadapa): 2nd — Poverty Alleviation • Gundamala (Prakasam): 3rd — Self-Sufficient Infrastructure |
| APCO SKOCH Award 2025 | AP State Handloom Weavers Co-operative Society (APCO) • Award for digitisation in handloom sector • Computerised billing and e-commerce platforms expanded market access for weavers |
| CAPF Bill 2026 | Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Bill, 2026 introduced in Rajya Sabha • Reserves 50% IG posts, 67%+ ADG posts, 100% Special DG and DG posts for IPS officers on deputation • Follows SC judgment (May 2025) that directed reduction of IPS deputation • Five CAPFs: BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB • Controversy: CAPF officers face 16-year promotion delays |
| Delimitation of Constituencies | Article 81: Lok Sabha seats based on population • 84th Amendment (2002): seats frozen until after first Census post-2026 • Delimitation Commission to be formed after Census 2027 results (by 2028) • Core issue: well-governed states that controlled population may lose seats • DemPer Principle proposed: factor in fertility rate reduction, not just population size • Delimitation Commission decisions cannot be challenged in courts |
| SC – Right to Die with Dignity | Harish Rana v. Union of India (2026) • Reaffirmed right to die with dignity under Article 21 • For first time, permitted withdrawal of Clinically Assisted Nutrition and Hydration (CANH) • Significant step in passive euthanasia jurisprudence in India |
| FCRA Amendment Bill 2026 | Updates FCRA 2010 • Designated Authority will control foreign funds and assets of dormant/cancelled NGOs • Temporary control if organisation revives; permanent transfer to Consolidated Fund of India if shut permanently • Media/news persons barred from foreign funds • Jail term reduced: 5 years → 1 year • Investigations need Central Govt approval |
| Parliamentary Session Closure Types | Adjournment: Temporary suspension by Presiding Officer — session continues • Adjournment Sine Die: No date fixed — session not formally ended • Prorogation: President under Article 85 — officially ends session • Recess: Break within same session, reconvenes later • Dissolution: President under Articles 83 & 85 — only Lok Sabha (Rajya Sabha is permanent) |
| FATF and FIU India | FATF report recognised India’s fight against offshore crypto fraud (oVASPs) • FIU-IND established 2004, under Ministry of Finance (Dept of Revenue), HQ New Delhi • Uses Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) from domestic crypto platforms • Illicit funds converted to crypto offshore, then re-routed into India as clean money |
| Income-Tax Act, 2025 | Replaces Income-Tax Act, 1961 • Came into force: April 1, 2026 • Focus: simplification and plain language — no change in core tax policy • Passed Lok Sabha: 11 Aug 2025 | Rajya Sabha: 12 Aug 2025 | Presidential assent: 21 Aug 2025 • Income-Tax Rules, 2026 notified by CBDT to operationalise the Act |
| 16th Finance Commission – Disaster Fund | SDRF allocation: ₹2,04,401 crore • Disaster Risk Index (DRI) based on hazard, exposure, vulnerability • Problem: uses total population for exposure — disadvantages disaster-prone states like Odisha • Vulnerability measured only by per capita income — ignores housing quality, health infra, disaster preparedness |
| India Defence Exports – Record | ₹38,424 crore in FY 2025–26 — all-time high • 62.66% growth over previous year (₹23,622 crore) • DPSUs: ₹21,071 crore (151% growth) • Private sector: ₹17,353 crore (14% growth) • Exports to 80+ countries • Exporters increased from 128 to 145 |
| Seafood Exports | ₹62,408 crore in 2024–25 • India: 2nd largest aquaculture producer globally • 8% of global fish production • Fish production: 141.64 LT (2019–20) → 197.75 LT (2024–25) • Largest export item: Frozen Shrimp (₹43,334 crore) • Export to 130 countries • Largest market: USA (36.42%) • Under PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) |
| Qdenga – India’s First Dengue Vaccine | Approved by SEC under DCGI for age 4–60 years • Tested on 28,000+ globally, approved in 40+ countries • Does NOT prevent infection — reduces disease severity • Works best against DENV-2 (4 serotypes exist) • 2 doses, 3 months gap • Cost: ₹6,000–₹12,000 full course • India’s indigenous vaccine ‘DengiAll’ expected ~2027 |
| River Metal Pollution – Children at Higher Risk | Study by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences • Location: Betwa–Yamuna confluence, Uttar Pradesh • Metals: Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium • Children at higher risk due to greater intake relative to body weight • Hazard Index exceeded safe levels in ~67% of cases for children • Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 scenarios) used |
| New Butterfly – Euthalia zubeengargi | Discovered in Leparada district, Arunachal Pradesh • Named after Assamese cultural icon Zubeen Garg • Adds to Eastern Himalayas biodiversity — a globally recognised hotspot |
| Bhavasagara – National Deep-Sea Repo | Bhavasagara Referral Centre at CMLRE, Kochi designated as India’s National Repository for Deep-Sea Fauna • By MoEFCC under Biological Diversity Act, 2002 • Houses 3,500+ identified deep-sea specimens (invertebrates + vertebrates) |
| PM E-DRIVE Scheme (Revised) | Total outlay: ₹10,900 crore • E-2-wheelers: eligible till July 31, 2026 | price cap ₹1.5 lakh • E-3-wheelers (rickshaws/carts): eligible till March 31, 2028 | price cap ₹2.5 lakh • Fund-limited: total incentives will not exceed ₹10,900 crore |
| INS Dunagiri | Nilgiri-class stealth guided-missile frigate • Built by GRSE, Kolkata under Project 17A • 5th of 7 planned ships • Designed by Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau • Advanced stealth features, multi-dimensional threat capability |
| INS Sanshodhak | 4th and final Sandhayak-class hydrographic survey vessel • Built by GRSE • Used for ocean floor mapping, navigation support, maritime operations assistance |
| INS Agray & INS Malwan | INS Agray: 4th ASW SWC from GRSE (series: Arnala, Androth, Anjadip, Agray) • INS Malwan: 2nd ASW SWC from Cochin Shipyard Limited • Named after Malwan coastal town (Chhatrapati Shivaji legacy) • ASW SWCs: 77–80m, 900–1100 tonnes, anti-sub warfare, mine warfare, coastal surveillance, 80%+ indigenous |
| NGOPV ‘Shachi’ Launched | First Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel • Launched at Goa Shipyard Limited • 1st of 11 NGOPVs planned • ‘Shachi’ means “one who renders assistance” • Multi-domain: surveillance, SAR, offshore asset protection, HADR, anti-piracy • Named after Indian mythology figures |
| IONS IMEX TTX 2026 | Hosted by Indian Navy at Maritime Warfare Centre, Southern Naval Command, Kochi • IONS = Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (regional naval forum) • TTX = Tabletop Exercise (simulation-based) • India: Chair of IONS for 2026–2028 • Participating countries included Bangladesh, France, Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and others |
| ‘Tides of Time’ – Sudha Murty | Full title: “Tides of Time: Bharat’s History through Murals in Parliament” • Authored by Rajya Sabha MP Sudha Murty • Released by VP C.P. Radhakrishnan • Covers India’s civilizational journey through 124 mural panels in Parliament — from Indus Valley to freedom struggle |
| Rajasthan – Irrigation Census Award | National award for timely completion of first census of major and medium irrigation projects • Presented at World Water Day Conclave by Ministry of Jal Shakti • World Water Day: March 22 every year |
| Mooshahary Committee (2005) | Chaired by R.S. Mooshahary • Set up by Ministry of Home Affairs • Reviewed earlier police reform reports • Shortlisted 49 key recommendations: State Security Commissions, separation of investigation from law & order, fixed tenures, police modernisation • Police is a State subject under Seventh Schedule (State List) |
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