SCO Summit was held from August 31 to September 1, 2025, in Tianjin, China.
Theme of SCO Summit 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPush for a multipolar world and reduced reliance on Western financial systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Regional security cooperation against terrorism, drugs, and transnational crime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Economic integration: proposals for new financial mechanisms under the SCO.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\u0c15\u0c40\u0c32\u0c15 \u0c2b\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTianjin Declaration adopted by leaders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n SCO Development Strategy 2026\u20132035.<\/li>\n\n\n\n A SCO Anti\u2011Drug Center will be established as a permanent body, headquartered in Dushanbe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n A SCO Universal Center for Countering Challenges and Threats to the Security of Member States will also be set up as a permanent body, based in Tashkent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n This Universal Center will include a Center for Countering International Organized Crime located in Bishkek as a branch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nSCO Member Countries<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nAs of 2025, the SCO has 10 members:
Summary of 125th Episode of ‘Mann ki Baat’<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nThe first Khelo India Water Sports Festival in the country and that too was held at Dal Lake in Srinagar. Madhya Pradesh, which won the maximum number of medals, followed by Haryana and Odisha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Rashmita Sahu – canoeing player from Odisha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n ‘Pratibha Setu’ – ‘Pratibha Setu’ stores the data of those candidates who cleared all the stages of various exams of UPSC, but their name did not appear in the final merit list. There is a databank of over ten thousand such bright youngsters on this portal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Football craze in village Shahdol in Madhya Pradesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Devki, who lives in Ratanpura village of Muzaffarpur, Bihar is now called as Solar Didi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n A statue of Maharishi Valmiki was unveiled at a small town of Italy, Camp-Rotondo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n A 51 feet tall statue of Lord Shri Ram was also unveiled in Mississauga, Canada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIUCAA Study on Mira Stars & the Cosmic Expansion Rate (Hubble Constant)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n What\u2019s new in this IUCAA study?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nA team led by Prof. Anupam Bhardwaj (IUCAA) used 40 oxygen-rich Mira variable stars in 18 clusters of our galaxy to refine the cosmic distance ladder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Oxygen-rich Mira stars.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Mira stars are old, pulsating stars in their final life stages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n They have a very regular brightness cycle (they pulsate like a heartbeat).<\/li>\n\n\n\n This makes them excellent standard candles, even more reliable in some cases than Cepheids.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Using Mira stars, they recalculated the Hubble constant (H\u2080).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nWhat is the Hubble Constant (H\u2080)?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nThe universe is expanding\u2014galaxies are moving away from each other.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Hubble Constant (H\u2080) tells us how fast this expansion is happening.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Think of it like the speedometer of the universe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Astronomers use \u201cstandard candles\u201d\u2014objects whose brightness is well known (like Cepheid stars or supernovae).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nMira Stars<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMira (Omicron Ceti) was the first discovered variable star, known since the 17th century for its changing brightness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Mira variables are cool, giant stars in the late stages of life that expand and contract in cycles lasting 100\u20131,000 days.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Their brightness is strongly linked to their pulsation period, making them useful as standard candles to measure cosmic distances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nDigital India Milestone<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nNeGD Achieves Pan-India Integration of Nearly 2,000 e-Government Services on DigiLocker and e-District Platforms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Citizens from all 36 States and UT’s now Access Certificates, Welfare Schemes, Utility Payments and More Citizen Centric Services Anytime, Anywhere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Top 3 States providing highest number of services:<\/li>\n\n\n\n Maharashtra (254), Delhi (123), Karnataka (113) and in Andhra Pradesh 76 services available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nAbout NeGD (National e-Governance Division)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nNational e-Governance Division was created by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology in 2009 as an Independent Business Division under the Digital India Corporation , a section 8 not-for-profit company.<\/li>\n\n\n\n National Public Digital Platforms developed by NeGD<\/li>\n\n\n\n DigiLocker, Entity Locker, UMANG, OpenForge, API Setu, myScheme, India Stack Global, Meri Pehchaan, UX4G.<\/li>\n\n\n\n NeGD contributes directly to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16<\/strong>: \u201cPeace, Justice and Strong Institutions.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSDG 16.6: Develop effective, accountable, and transparent institutions at all levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n SDG 16.10: Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n