Current Affairs 04 December 2025

పి ఐ బి కరెంట్ అఫైర్స్

Satellite Launches in 2025

India has successfully completed four major satellite launches in 2025, strengthening national capabilities in navigation, earth observation, climate monitoring, and communication services. The satellites launched by ISRO this year are:

• Navigation (NVS-02)
• Earth observation (EOS-09)
• Climate and disaster monitoring (NISAR)
• Communication services (CMS-03)

1. NVS-02 (Launched January 29, 2025)

• Part of India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system.
• Enhances regional navigation accuracy, replacing earlier-generation satellites.
• Features an L1 navigation signal, improving coverage for smartphones, disaster alert systems, and transport sectors.

2. EOS-09 (Launched May 18, 2025)

• An Earth Observation Satellite designed for high-resolution optical imaging.
• Supports agriculture monitoring, land mapping, urban planning, and disaster response.
• Equipped with improved multispectral cameras for real-time national applications.

3. NISAR (Launched July 30, 2025)

• A joint mission of ISRO & NASA.
• World’s first satellite to use Dual-band Radar (L-band + S-band) for earth surface monitoring.
• Tracks land deformation, glacier movement, forest biomass, earthquakes, and natural hazards with unmatched precision.
• Critical for climate change studies and disaster preparedness.

4. CMS-03 (Launched November 02, 2025)

• A Communication Satellite to boost India’s telecommunication capacity.
• Strengthens digital connectivity, especially in rural and remote regions.
• Supports DTH services, emergency communication, and secure government networks.

Bharatiya Antariksh Station

India is advancing towards establishing its own indigenous space station Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) which will be fully operational by 2035. The proposed space station will comprise five modules, and ISRO has already completed the overall configuration, reviewed by a National Level Review Committee.

The first module (BAS-01), known as the Base Module, is targeted for launch by 2028. In September 2024, the Union Cabinet approved the development and launch of BAS-01, with funding integrated into the expanded Gaganyaan Programme, which now stands at ₹20,193 crore.

India’s Nuclear Energy Mission

Under the Nuclear Energy Mission announced in the Union Budget 2025–26, the Government of India has allocated ₹20,000 crore for the design, development, and deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). The mission aims to operationalize at least five indigenously designed SMRs by 2033, strengthening India’s clean-energy capacity and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

కీలక పరిణామాలు

• BARC has initiated design work on three SMR technologies:
  • BSMR-200 (200 MWe Bharat Small Modular Reactor) – in an advanced stage of obtaining financial & administrative sanction.
  • SMR-55 (55 MWe Small Modular Reactor)
  • High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (up to 5 MWth) – intended for hydrogen generation.
• Two SMRs (BSMR-200 and SMR-55) are proposed to be constructed at the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) site in Tarapur, Palghar district, Maharashtra.

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